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Published on April 22, 2009; 10.1104/pp.109.135780

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Received January 16, 2009
Accepted April 16, 2009

Chloroplast Photooxidation Induced Transcriptome Reprogramming in Arabidopsis immutans White Leaf Sectors

Maneesha R Aluru , Jaroslaw Zola , Andrew Foudree , and Steven R Rodermel *

Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011

* Corresponding author; email: rodermel{at}iastate.edu.

Arabidopsis immutans (im) has green and white sectoring due to the action of a nuclear recessive gene, IMMUTANS. The green sectors contain normal-appearing chloroplasts whereas the white sectors contain abnormal chloroplasts that lack colored carotenoids due to a defect in the phytoene desaturase (PDS) activity. Previous biochemical and molecular characterizations of the green leaf sectors revealed alterations suggestive of a source-sink relationship between the green and white sectors of im. In this study, we use Affymetrix ATH1 oligoarray to further explore the nature of sink metabolism in im white tissues. We show that lack of colored carotenoids in the im white tissues elicits a differential response from a large number of genes involved in various cellular processes and stress responses. Gene expression patterns correlate with the repression of photosynthesis and photosynthesis-related processes in im white tissues, and an induction of sucrose catabolism and transport, and mitochondrial electron transport and fermentation. These results suggest that energy is derived via aerobic and anaerobic metabolism of imported sugar in imW tissues for growth and development. We also show that oxidative stress responses are largely induced in imW tissues however; im green sectors develop additional energy dissipating mechanisms that perhaps allow for the formation of green sectors. Furthermore, a comparison of the transcriptomes of im white and norflurazon-treated white leaf tissues reveals global as well as tissue-specific responses to phootoxidation. We conclude that the differences in the mechanism of PDS inhibition play an important role in differentiating these two white tissues.






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