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Published on March 25, 2009; 10.1104/pp.109.135970

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Received January 20, 2009
Accepted March 18, 2009

Loss of 26S proteasome function leads to increased cell size and decreased cell number in Arabidopsis shoot organs

Jasmina Kurepa , Songhu Wang , Yan Li , David Zaitlin , Andrew J. Pierce , and Jan A. Smalle *

Plant Physiology, Biochemistry, Molecular Biology Program, Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA; Kentucky Tobacco Research & Development Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546, USA

* Corresponding author; email: jsmalle{at}uky.edu.

Although the final size of plant organs is influenced by environmental cues, it is generally accepted that the primary size determinants are intrinsic factors that regulate and coordinate cell proliferation and cell expansion. Here we show that optimal proteasome function is required to maintain final shoot organ size in Arabidopsis. Loss of function of the subunit RPT2a causes a weak defect in 26S proteasome activity and leads to an enlargement of leaves, stems, flowers, fruits, seeds and embryos. These size increases are a result of increased cell expansion that compensates a reduction in cell number. Increased ploidy levels were found in some but not all enlarged organs, indicating that the cell size increases are not caused by a higher nuclear DNA content. Partial loss of function of the subunits RPN10 and RPN12a causes a stronger defect in proteasome function, and also results in cell enlargement and decreased cell proliferation. However, the increased cell volumes in rpn10-1 and rpn12a-1 mutants translated into the enlargement of only some, but not all shoot organs. Collectively, these data show that during Arabidopsis shoot development, the maintenance of optimal proteasome activity levels is important for balancing cell expansion with cell proliferation rates.




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S. Wang, J. Kurepa, and J. A. Smalle
The Arabidopsis 26S Proteasome Subunit RPN1a is Required for Optimal Plant Growth and Stress Responses
Plant Cell Physiol., September 1, 2009; 50(9): 1721 - 1725.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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