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Published on March 27, 2009; 10.1104/pp.109.136721

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Received February 9, 2009
Accepted March 21, 2009

Elevated carbon dioxide improves plant Fe nutrition through enhancing the Fe-deficiency-induced responses under Fe-limited conditions in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

Chong Wei Jin , Shao Ting Du , Wei Wei Chen , Gui Xin Li , Yong Song Zhang , and Shao Jian Zheng *

College of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310029, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China; College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Univeristy, Hangzhou 310029, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

* Corresponding author; email: sjzheng{at}zju.edu.cn.

The increases in atmospheric CO2 concentrations can enhance plant growth and change their nutrient demands. We report that when tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Zheza 809) plants were grown in iron(Fe)-limited media (with hydrous ferric-iron oxides) and elevated CO2 (800 µL L-1) their biomass and root/shoot ratio were greater than plants grown in ambient CO2 (350 µL L-1). Furthermore the associated increase in Fe concentrations in the shoots and roots alleviated Fe deficiency-induced chlorosis. Despite the improved nutrient status of plants grown in Fe-limited media under elevated CO2, the Fe-deficiency-induced responses in roots, including ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity, proton secretion, sub-apical root hair development and the expression of FER, FRO1 and IRT genes, were all greater than plants grown in the ambient CO2. The biomass of plants grown in Fe-sufficient medium was also increased by the elevated CO2 treatment, but changes in tissue Fe concentrations and Fe-deficiency responses were not observed. These results suggest that the improved Fe nutrition and induction of Fe-deficient-induced responses in plants grown in Fe-limited media under elevated CO2 are caused by interactions between elevated CO2 and Fe-deprivation. Elevated CO2 also increased the NO levels in roots, but treatment with the NO scavenger cPTIO inhibited FCR activity and prevented the accumulation of LeFRO1, LeIRT1 and FER transcripts in roots of the Fe-limited plants. These results implicate some involvement of NO in enhancing Fe-deficiency-induced responses when Fe-limitation and elevated CO2 occur together. We propose that the combination of elevated CO2 and Fe limitation induces morphological, physiological and molecular responses that enhance the capacity for plants to access and utilize Fe from sparingly soluble sources such as Fe(III) oxide.






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