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Plant Physiology Preview Published on April 22, 2009; 10.1104/pp.109.136739
Received February 5, 2009 Expression Level of ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1 Determines Rice Inflorescence Form through Control of Cell Proliferation in the Meristem
Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, Kurashiki, Okayama, 710-0046 Japan; Graduate School of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan; National Institute for Basic Biology, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan * Corresponding author; email: akyozuka{at}mail.ecc.u-tokyo.ac.jp.
Two types of branches, rachis branches (i.e. non-floral) and spikelets (i.e. floral), are produced during rice inflorescence development. We previously reported that the ABERRANT PANICLE ORGANIZATION 1(APO1) gene, encoding an F-box containing protein orthologous to Arabidopsis UFO, suppresses precocious conversion of rachis branch meristems to spikelets to ensure generation of certain number of spikelets. Here, we identified four dominant mutants producing an increased number of spikelets and found that they are gain-of-function alleles of APO1. The APO1 expression levels are elevated in all four mutants suggesting that an increase of APO1 activity caused the delay in the program shift to spikelet formation. In agreement with this result, ectopic over expression of APO1 accentuated the APO1 gain-of-function phenotypes. In the apo1-D dominant alleles, the inflorescence meristem (IM) starts to increase in size more vigorously than the wild-type when switching to the reproductive development phase. This alteration in growth rate is opposite to what is observed with the apo1 mutants that have a smaller IM. The difference in meristem size is caused by different rates of cell proliferation. Collectively, these results suggest that the level of APO1 activity regulates the inflorescence form through control of cell proliferation in the meristem.
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