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Published on April 22, 2009; 10.1104/pp.109.137901

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Received March 3, 2009
Accepted April 17, 2009

Anatomical and transcriptomic studies of the coleorhiza reveal the importance of this tissue in regulating dormancy in barley

Jose M Barrero , Mark J Talbot , Rosemary G White , John V Jacobsen , and Frank Gubler *

Plant Industry, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia

* Corresponding author; email: frank.gubler{at}csiro.au.

The decay of seed dormancy during after-ripening is not well understood, but elucidation of the mechanisms involved may be important for developing strategies for modifying dormancy in crop species and, for example, addressing the problem of pre-harvest sprouting in cereals. We have studied the germination characteristics of barley embryos including a description of anatomical changes in the coleorhiza and the enclosed seminal roots. These changes that occur correlate with abscisic acid contents of embryo tissues.

To understand the molecular mechanisms involved in dormancy loss, we compared the transcriptome of dormant (D) and after-ripened (AR) barley (Hordeum vulgare ‘Betzes’) embryos using a tissue-specific microarray approach. Our results indicate that in the coleorhiza, abscisic acid (ABA) catabolism is promoted and ABA sensitivity is reduced and this is associated with differential regulation by after-ripening of ABA8'OH and of the LPP gene family and AIP2, respectively. We also identified other processes including jasmonate responses, cell wall modification, nitrate and nitrite reduction, mRNA stability and blue light sensitivity that were affected by after-ripening in the coleorhiza that may be downstream of the ABA signalling.

Based on these results, we propose that the coleorhiza plays a major role in causing dormancy by acting as a barrier to root emergence and that after-ripening potentiates molecular changes related to ABA metabolism and sensitivity which ultimately lead to degradation of the coleorhiza, root emergence and germination.






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