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Published on April 29, 2009; 10.1104/pp.109.139758

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Received April 8, 2009
Accepted April 20, 2009

The role of diglycosyldiacylglycerol lipids in photosynthesis and membrane lipid homeostasis in Arabidopsis

Georg Holzl , Sandra Witt , Nicole Gaude , Michael Melzer , Mark Aurel Schottler , and Peter Dormann *

Institute of Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Str. 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany; Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Am Muhlenberg 1, 14476 Golm, Germany; and Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, 06466 Gatersleben, Germany

* Corresponding author; email: Doermann{at}uni-bonn.de.

The galactolipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGD) is an abundant thylakoid lipid in chloroplasts. The introduction of the bacterial lipid glucosylgalactosyldiacylglycerol (GGD) from Chloroflexus into the DGD-deficient Arabidopsis dgd1 mutant was previously shown to result in complementation of growth, but photosynthetic efficiency was only partially restored. Here, we demonstrate that GGD accumulation in the double mutant dgd1dgd2 which is totally devoid of DGD also complements growth at normal and high light conditions, but photosynthetic efficiency in the GGD-containing dgd1dgd2 line remains decreased. This is attributable to an increased susceptibility of PSII to photodamage, resulting in reduced PSII accumulation already at normal light intensities. The chloroplasts of dgd1 and dgd1dgd2 show alterations in thylakoid ultrastructure, a phenotype that is restored in the GGD containing lines. These data suggest that the strong growth retardation of the DGD-deficient lines dgd1 and dgd1dgd2 can be primarily attributed to a decreased capacity for chloroplast membrane assembly and proliferation, and to a smaller extent to photosynthetic deficiency. During phosphate limitation, GGD increases in plastidial and extraplastidial membranes of the transgenic lines in an extent similar to that of DGD in wild type indicating that synthesis and transport of the bacterial (GGD) and of the authentic plant lipid (DGD) are subject to the same mechanisms of regulation.






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