First published online August 14, 2003; 10.1104/pp.103.024208
Plant Physiology 133:642-652 (2003)
© 2003 American Society of Plant Biologists
BIOENERGETICS AND PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Arabidopsis Genes Encoding Mitochondrial Type II NAD(P)H Dehydrogenases Have Different Evolutionary Origin and Show Distinct Responses to Light1
Agnieszka M. Michalecka2,
Å. Staffan Svensson2,3,
Fredrik I. Johansson,
Stephanie C. Agius4,
Urban Johanson,
Axel Brennicke,
Stefan Binder and
Allan G. Rasmusson*
Department of Cell and Organism Biology, Biology Building, Lund University, Sölvegatan 35B, SE–223 62 Lund, Sweden (A.M.M., Å.S.S., F.I.J., S.C.A., A.G.R.); Department of Plant Biochemistry, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, SE–221 00 Lund, Sweden (U.J.); and Abteilung Molekulare Botanik, Universität Ulm, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, D–89069 Ulm, Germany (A.B., S.B.)
In addition to proton-pumping complex I, plant mitochondria contain several type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenases in the electron transport chain. The extra enzymes allow the nonenergy-conserving electron transfer from cytoplasmic and matrix NAD(P)H to ubiquinone. We have investigated the type II NAD(P)H dehydrogenase gene families in Arabidopsis. This model plant contains two and four genes closely related to potato (Solanum tuberosum) genes nda1 and ndb1, respectively. A novel homolog, termed ndc1, with a lower but significant similarity to potato nda1 and ndb1, is also present. All genes are expressed in several organs of the plant. Among the nda genes, expression of nda1, but not nda2, is dependent on light and circadian regulation, suggesting separate roles in photosynthesis-associated and other respiratory NADH oxidation. Genes from all three gene families encode proteins exclusively targeted to mitochondria, as revealed by expression of green fluorescent fusion proteins and by western blotting of fractionated cells. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that ndc1 affiliates with cyanobacterial type II NADH dehydrogenase genes, suggesting that this gene entered the eukaryotic cell via the chloroplast progenitor. The ndc1 should then have been transferred to the nucleus and acquired a signal for mitochondrial targeting of the protein product. Although they are of different origin, the nda, ndb, and ndc genes carry an identical intron position.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.024208.
1 This work was supported by the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences, and Spatial Planning (to A.G.R. and U.J.), by Carl Tryggers Stiftelse (to A.G.R.), by Carl Tesdorpfs Stiftelse (to A.G.R.), by Kungliga Fysiografiska Sällskapet i Lund (to A.G.R.), by Erik Philip-Sörensens Stiftelse (to U.J.), and by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft und Fonds der Chemischen Industrie (to A.B. and S.B.)
2 These authors contributed equally to the paper.
3 Present address: Department of Plant Biology, The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Thorvaldsensvej 40, DK–1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
4 Present address: Afdeling for Plantebiologi, Forskningscenter Flakkebjerg, DK–4200 Slagelse, Denmark.
* Corresponding author; e-mail allan.rasmusson{at}cob.lu.se; fax 46–46–2224113.
Received March 25, 2003;
returned for revision April 22, 2003;
accepted July 1, 2003.
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