Plant Physiol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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First published online March 26, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.033431

Plant Physiology 134:1683-1696 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION

When Defense Pathways Collide. The Response of Arabidopsis to a Combination of Drought and Heat Stress1,[w]

Ludmila Rizhsky, Hongjian Liang, Joel Shuman, Vladimir Shulaev, Sholpan Davletova and Ron Mittler*

Department of Biology, Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa 32000, Israel (L.R.); Department of Botany, Plant Sciences Institute, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 (H.L.); Virginia Bioinformatics Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061 (J.S., V.S.); Department of Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, Nevada 89557 (S.D., R.M.)

Within their natural habitat, plants are subjected to a combination of abiotic conditions that include stresses such as drought and heat. Drought and heat stress have been extensively studied; however, little is known about how their combination impacts plants. The response of Arabidopsis plants to a combination of drought and heat stress was found to be distinct from that of plants subjected to drought or heat stress. Transcriptome analysis of Arabidopsis plants subjected to a combination of drought and heat stress revealed a new pattern of defense response in plants that includes a partial combination of two multigene defense pathways (i.e. drought and heat stress), as well as 454 transcripts that are specifically expressed in plants during a combination of drought and heat stress. Metabolic profiling of plants subjected to drought, heat stress, or a combination of drought and heat stress revealed that plants subject to a combination of drought and heat stress accumulated sucrose and other sugars such as maltose and gulose. In contrast, Pro that accumulated in plants subjected to drought did not accumulate in plants during a combination of drought and heat stress. Heat stress was found to ameliorate the toxicity of Pro to cells, suggesting that during a combination of drought and heat stress sucrose replaces Pro in plants as the major osmoprotectant. Our results highlight the plasticity of the plant genome and demonstrate its ability to respond to complex environmental conditions that occur in the field.

1 This work was supported by funding from the Plant Sciences Institute at Iowa State University, the Biotechnology Council of Iowa State University, the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences at Iowa State University, the Israeli Academy of Science, the Nevada Agricultural Experimental Station (publication no. 03031333), and the Fund for the Promotion of Research at the Technion.

[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.033431.

* Corresponding author; e-mail ronm{at}unr.edu; fax 775–784–1419.

Received September 16, 2003; returned for revision December 20, 2003; accepted January 2, 2004.




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