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First published online February 26, 2004; 10.1104/pp.103.034660

Plant Physiology 134:1135-1145 (2004)
© 2004 American Society of Plant Biologists

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ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS AND ADAPTATION

Expression of KT/KUP Genes in Arabidopsis and the Role of Root Hairs in K+ Uptake

Sung Ju Ahn, Ryoung Shin and Daniel P. Schachtman*

Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, 975 North Warson Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63132

Potassium (K+) is the most abundant cation in plants and is required for plant growth. To ensure an adequate supply of K+, plants have multiple mechanisms for uptake and translocation. However, relatively little is known about the physiological role of proteins encoded by a family of 13 genes, named AtKT/KUP, that are involved in K+ transport and translocation. To begin to understand where and under what conditions these transporters function, we used reverse transcription-PCR to determine the spatial and temporal expression patterns of each AtKT/KUP gene across a range of organs and tested whether selected AtKT/KUP cDNAs function as K+ transporters in Escherichia coli. Many AtKT/KUPs were expressed in roots, leaves, siliques, and flowers of plants grown under K+-sufficient conditions (1.75 mM KCl) in hydroponic culture. AtHAK5 was the only gene in this family that was up-regulated upon K+ deprivation and rapidly down-regulated with resupply of K+. Ten AtKT/KUPs were expressed in root hairs, but only five were expressed in root tip cells. This suggests an important role for root hairs in K+ uptake. The growth and rubidium (Rb+) uptake of two root hair mutants, trh1-1 (tiny root hairs) and rhd6 (root hair defective), were studied to determine the contribution of root hairs to whole-plant K+ status. Whole-plant biomass decreased in the root hair mutants only when K+ concentrations were low; Rb+ (used as a tracer for K+) uptake rates were lower in the mutants at all Rb+ concentrations. Seven genes encoding AtKUP transporters were expressed in E. coli (AtKT3/KUP4, AtKT/KUP5, AtKT/KUP6, AtKT/KUP7, AtKT/KUP10, AtKT/KUP11, and AtHAK5), and their K+ transport function was demonstrated.

Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at http://www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.103.034660.

* Corresponding author; e-mail dschachtman{at}danforthcenter.org; fax 314-587-1521.

Received October 11, 2003; returned for revision November 2, 2003; accepted December 18, 2003.


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