First published online May 27, 2005; 10.1104/pp.105.060202
Plant Physiology 138:803-818 (2005)
© 2005 American Society of Plant Biologists
DEVELOPMENT AND HORMONE ACTION
The Xylem and Phloem Transcriptomes from Secondary Tissues of the Arabidopsis Root-Hypocotyl1,[w]
Chengsong Zhao,
Johanna C. Craig,
H. Earl Petzold,
Allan W. Dickerman and
Eric P. Beers*
Department of Horticulture (C.Z., H.E.P., E.P.B.) and Virginia Bioinformatics Institute (J.C.C., A.W.D.), Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
The growth of secondary xylem and phloem depends on the division of cells in the vascular cambium and results in an increase in the diameter of the root and stem. Very little is known about the genetic mechanisms that control cambial activity and the differentiation of secondary xylem and phloem cell types. To begin to identify new genes required for vascular cell differentiation and function, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of xylem and phloem-cambium isolated from the root-hypocotyl of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Gene expression in the remaining nonvascular tissue was also profiled. From these transcript profiles, we assembled three sets of genes with expression significantly biased toward xylem, phloem-cambium, or nonvascular tissue. We also assembled three two-tissue sets of genes with expression significantly biased toward xylem/phloem-cambium, xylem/nonvascular, or phloem-cambium/nonvascular tissues. Localizations predicted by transcript profiles were supported by results from promoter-reporter and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments with nine xylem- or phloem-cambium-biased genes. An analysis of the members of the phloem-cambium gene set suggested that some genes involved in regulating primary meristems are also regulators of the cambium. Secondary phloem was implicated in the synthesis of auxin, glucosinolates, cytokinin, and gibberellic acid. Transcript profiles also supported the importance of class III HD ZIP and KANADI transcription factors as regulators of radial patterning during secondary growth, and identified several members of the G2-like, NAC, AP2, MADS, and MYB transcription factor families that may play roles as regulators of xylem or phloem cell differentiation and activity.
1 This work was supported by the National Science Foundation (grant no. IBN–0131386 to E.P.B.), the Department of Energy (grant no. DE–FG02–04ER15627 to E.P.B.), and the Virginia Tech ASPIRES program (grant no. 232500 to A.W.D. and E.P.B.).
[w] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.
Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.105.060202.
* Corresponding author; e-mail ebeers{at}vt.edu; fax 540–231–3083.
Received January 26, 2005;
returned for revision April 12, 2005;
accepted April 13, 2005.
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