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CELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION

Ethylene Stimulates Nutations That Are Dependent on the ETR1 Receptor^1,[W],[OA]

Department of Botany, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706

Ethylene influences a number of processes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) through the action of five receptors. In this study, we used high-resolution, time-lapse imaging to examine the long-term effects of ethylene on growing, etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. These measurements revealed that ethylene stimulates nutations of the hypocotyls with an average delay in onset of over 6 h. The nutation response was constitutive in ctr1-2 mutants maintained in air, whereas ein2-1 mutants failed to nutate when treated with ethylene. Ethylene-stimulated nutations were also eliminated in etr1-7 loss-of-function mutants. Transformation of the etr1-7 mutant with a wild-type genomic ETR1 transgene rescued the nutation phenotype, further supporting a requirement for ETR1. Loss-of-function mutations in the other receptor isoforms had no effect on ethylene-stimulated nutations. However, the double ers1-2 ers2-3 and triple etr2-3 ers2-3 ein4-4 loss-of-function mutants constitutively nutated in air. These results support a model where all the receptors are involved in ethylene-stimulated nutations, but the ETR1 receptor is required and has a contrasting role from the other receptor isoforms in this nutation phenotype. Naphthylphthalamic acid eliminated ethylene-stimulated nutations but had no effect on growth inhibition caused by ethylene, pointing to a role for auxin transport in the nutation phenotype.

² Present address: Department of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706.

³ Present address: Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Rd., La Jolla, CA 92037.

⁴ Present address: Ceres Inc., 1535 Rancho Conejo Blvd., Thousand Oaks, CA 91320.

⁵ Deceased.

The author responsible for distribution of materials integral to the findings presented in this article in accordance with the policy described in the Instructions for Authors (www.plantphysiol.org) is: Brad M. Binder (bmbinder{at}wisc.edu).

^[W] The online version of this article contains Web-only data.

^[OA] Open Access articles can be viewed online without a subscription.

www.plantphysiol.org/cgi/doi/10.1104/pp.106.087858

^* Corresponding author; e-mail bmbinder{at}wisc.edu; fax 608–262–4743.

Received August 2, 2006; accepted October 17, 2006; published October 27, 2006.

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