Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
Cryo-SEM photographs of planted intact samples ofF. mandshurica var japonica after freezing. A, Transverse surface of two outer annual rings, the cambial zone, and phloem. The lumina of the current year's earlywood vessels (large arrows) are filled with water and the lumina of earlywood vessels of the previous year's xylem (asterisks) contain no water. The lumina of the current year's latewood vessels are filled with water (small arrows). B, Transverse surface of a current year's earlywood vessel that is filled with water. One small air bubble (arrow) is visible in the center of the vessel lumen. C, Tangential surface of the current year's earlywood vessels (v). The lumina of the current year's vessels are filled with water. D, Tangential surface of part of a current year's earlywood vessel. There is one air bubble (arrow) in the lumen.
- Fig. 2.
Changes in the percentage of cavitated current-year earlywood vessels after thawing in planted intact samples. Mean values of four samples are shown, with 95% confidence intervals.
- Fig. 3.
Cryo-SEM photographs of planted intact samples ofF. mandshurica var japonica after thawing. A, Transverse surface of the current year's xylem after thawing for 2 h. Some vessels have air in their lumina. B, Tangential surface of the current year's earlywood vessels after thawing for 2 h. Two vessels contain cavities (arrows) in their lumina. One vessel (asterisk) contains only a little water in its lumen. C, Transverse surface of the current year's xylem after thawing for 4 h. Some vessels have air in their lumina. D, Tangential surface of the current year's earlywood vessels after thawing for 12 h. Large cavities (asterisks) are visible in the vessel lumina. E, Transverse surface of the current year's xylem after thawing for 24 h. All earlywood vessels contain only a little water. F, Tangential surface of the current year's earlywood vessels after thawing for 24 h. Only a little water is visible in the vessel lumina (arrows). All bars represent 100 μm.
- Fig. 4.
Schematic representation of the progression of cavitation during freezing and thawing of the current year's earlywood vessels in F. mandshurica var japonica.The double-headed arrow indicates the current year's xylem.
- Fig. 5.
Cryo-SEM photographs of excised samples ofF. mandshurica var japonica after thawing. A, Tangential surface of the current year's earlywood vessels after 1 h of thawing. One vessel lumen is filled with water (asterisk) and another vessel lumen has cavities (arrows). B, Tangential surface of the current year's earlywood vessels after thawing for 6 h. One vessel has a large cavity in its lumen (arrow), and two vessels have a limited amount of water in their lumina. Both bars represent 100 μm.
