Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Fig. 1.
A, The submerged form of E. viviparagrowing in a creek (about 50 cm deep). B, Gross morphologies of the terrestrial form (left) and the submerged form (right) of E. vivipara.
- Fig. 2.
Structural and biochemical features of the terrestrial and submerged forms of E. vivipara. A, Culm anatomy of the terrestrial form (Kranz type). B, Culm anatomy of the submerged form (non-Kranz type). M, MC; OBS, outermost BSC; MS, mestome sheath cells; and IBS, innermost BSC (Kranz cells). C, Cellular localization of C3 and C4enzymes and proposed scheme for photosynthetic carbon metabolism in the terrestrial and submerged forms. Only the MC and the innermost BSC (Kranz cells) are shown. The outermost BSC and the middle mestome sheath cells are omitted, because the former are functionally equivalent to the MC and the latter lack photosynthetic enzymes. Solid and dashed lines represent the proposed major and minor fluxes, respectively, of photosynthetic intermediates. The circles show the C3 pathway. ●, Rubisco; ▵, PEPC; ■, PPDK; ×, NAD-ME; C3, C3compound.
- Fig. 3.
Immunogold localization of PEPC in photosynthetic cells of E. vivipara (Ueno, 1998a). A, Outer BSC of the terrestrial form. B, Outer BSC of the submerged form. C, Outer BSC and MC (left margin) of ABA-induced tissue. Scale bar = 0.5 μm. C, Chloroplast; S, starch grain; mt, mitochondrion.
- Fig. 4.
Environmental and hormonal regulation of the conversion of structural and biochemical traits involved in photosynthetic mechanisms in E. vivipara.
Tables
- Table I.
Comparison of photosynthetic characteristics in three amphibious species of Eleocharis
Characteristics E. vivipara E. baldwinii E. retroflexa Terrestrial Submerged Terrestrial Submerged Terrestrial Submerged Culm anatomy Kranz Non-Kranz Kranz Non-Kranz-like Kranz Kranz-like Organelles in bundle sheath cells Prominent Few Prominent Present Prominent Prominent1-a 14C pulse-12C chase pattern C4 C3 C4 Intermediate C4 C4 C4enzymes High1-b Low High1-b Intermediate High1-b High δ13C values1-c C4 – C4 – C4 – -
↵F1-a There are fewer organelles than in the terrestrial form.
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↵F1-b There is a gradient in the activities and amounts of C4 enzymes among the terrestrial forms of the three species. See text for details.
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↵F1-c Range of δ13C values is shown only for the terrestrial forms. The δ13C values of the terrestrial form of E. vivipara are slightly more negative than those of other terrestrial forms.
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Jump to section
- Article
- C3 AND C4 PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- DISCOVERY OF C3 AND C4DIFFERENTIATION IN E. VIVIPARA
- STRUCTURAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN E. VIVIPARA
- PLASTIC EXPRESSION OF C3 AND C4CHARACTERISTICS IN E. VIVIPARA IN FLUCTUATING ENVIRONMENTS
- HORMONAL REGULATION OF C3 AND C4DIFFERENTIATION IN E. VIVIPARA
- EXPRESSION OF C3 AND C4 PHOTOSYNTHETIC GENES IN E. VIVIPARA
- VARIATION IN EXPRESSION OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC MODES IN AMPHIBIOUS SPECIES OF ELEOCHARIS
- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
- Footnotes
- LITERATURE CITED
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