Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Activation-tagged alleles of TSF and FT. A, The early-flowering phenotype of the TSF activation mutant in the FRI-Col background and of the FT activation mutant in the Ws background. Plants were grown under LD. B, Location and orientation of the four 35S enhancer elements (black triangles) and T-DNA right border (RB) relative to TSF and FT. C, RT-PCR analysis of FT and TSF expression in wild type and activation-tagged mutants. RNA was extracted from 7-d-old seedlings. D, Flowering time of FT and TSF activation mutants in fri-null backgrounds (FT-act in the Ws background and TSF-act in the Col background). Black and white bars represent plants grown in LD and SD, respectively. Flowering time is expressed as the number of rosette leaves formed by the primary shoot apical meristem prior to the initiation of flowering. Error bars indicate 1 sd.
- Figure 2.
Activation alleles of TSF and FT suppress the late-flowering phenotype of FRI and FLC overexpression. Black and white bars represent plants grown in LD and SD, respectively. Flowering time is expressed as the number of rosette leaves formed by the primary shoot apical meristem prior to the initiation of flowering. Error bars indicate 1 sd. A, Flowering time of TSF and FT activation alleles in a FRI-containing background. B, Effect of TSF and FT activation on flowering time in a 35S∷FLC background (FLCox). C, RT-PCR analysis of the effect of TSF and FT activation alleles on the expression of FLC and SOC1. UBIQUITIN (UBQ) was included as a control for loading.
- Figure 3.
Histochemical analysis of the interactions between FLC, SOC1, TSF, and FT. To minimize variation in GUS staining, plants that appear in the same section were grown, fixed, and stained in parallel. A and B, Effect of FRI on SOC1∷GUS expression. F1 seedlings and root tips resulting from the cross of SOC1∷GUS to FRI-Col (left) or Ws (right). C and D, FLC∷GUS expression in seedlings and root tips in a FRI-containing background. E and F, Comparison of the effects of FRI and 35S∷FLC on SOC1∷GUS expression. F1 seedlings and root tips resulting from the cross of SOC1∷GUS to FRI-Col (left) or 35S∷FLC (right). G, Effect of FT activation on SOC1∷GUS expression. F1 seedlings resulting from the cross of SOC1∷GUS to Ws (left) and the FT activation mutant (right). Plants are in a fri-null background. H, Effect of TSF activation on SOC1∷GUS expression. F1 seedlings resulting from the cross of SOC1∷GUS to FRI-Col (left) and to the TSF activation mutant (right). Plants are in a FRI-containing background. I, Effect of SOC1 overexpression. RT-PCR analysis of FT, TSF, SOC1, and FLC expression in wild-type and 35S∷SOC1 lines. UBIQUITIN (UBQ) was included as a control for loading. Plants are in the Landsberg erecta (Ler) background. J, Inhibition of FT expression by FRI and FLC. F1 seedlings resulting from the cross of FT∷GUS in a Col background to Col (top), FRI-Col (middle), or 35S∷FLC (bottom).
- Figure 4.
Interactions between flowering time genes. A, Flowering phenotype of tsf loss-of-function mutations in wild-type and ft-mutant backgrounds. Black and white bars represent plants grown in LD and SD, respectively. Flowering time is expressed as the number of rosette leaves formed by the primary shoot apical meristem prior to the initiation of flowering. Error bars indicate 1 sd. B, A model for the regulatory relationships between flowering genes. Line thickness is intended as a speculative measure of the strength of promotion or inhibition.
