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Research ArticleCELL BIOLOGY AND SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION
Open Access

Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction

Bruno Clair, Tancrède Alméras, Gilles Pilate, Delphine Jullien, Junji Sugiyama, Christian Riekel
Bruno Clair
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France (B.C., T.A., D.J.); INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique, et Physiologie Forestières, F–45075 Orléans cedex 2, France (G.P.); Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011, Japan (J.S.); and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F–38043 Grenoble cedex, France (C.R.)
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  • For correspondence: clair@lmgc.univ-montp2.fr
Tancrède Alméras
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France (B.C., T.A., D.J.); INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique, et Physiologie Forestières, F–45075 Orléans cedex 2, France (G.P.); Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011, Japan (J.S.); and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F–38043 Grenoble cedex, France (C.R.)
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Gilles Pilate
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France (B.C., T.A., D.J.); INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique, et Physiologie Forestières, F–45075 Orléans cedex 2, France (G.P.); Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011, Japan (J.S.); and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F–38043 Grenoble cedex, France (C.R.)
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Delphine Jullien
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France (B.C., T.A., D.J.); INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique, et Physiologie Forestières, F–45075 Orléans cedex 2, France (G.P.); Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011, Japan (J.S.); and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F–38043 Grenoble cedex, France (C.R.)
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Junji Sugiyama
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France (B.C., T.A., D.J.); INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique, et Physiologie Forestières, F–45075 Orléans cedex 2, France (G.P.); Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011, Japan (J.S.); and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F–38043 Grenoble cedex, France (C.R.)
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Christian Riekel
Laboratoire de Mécanique et Génie Civil, CNRS, Université Montpellier 2, 34095 Montpellier, France (B.C., T.A., D.J.); INRA, UR588 Amélioration, Génétique, et Physiologie Forestières, F–45075 Orléans cedex 2, France (G.P.); Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611–0011, Japan (J.S.); and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, F–38043 Grenoble cedex, France (C.R.)
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Published March 2010. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.109.149542

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    Figure 1.

    Schematic of the experimental setup, showing the x-ray beam passing perpendicular to the longitudinal-radial plane of wood and the contribution of the 004 and 200 crystal planes to the diffraction pattern recorded by the camera. [See online article for color version of this figure.]

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    Figure 2.

    Profiles of the 200 and 004 reflection intensity and d004 lattice spacing along a sequence of normal wood development with the corresponding sample anatomy. A, Intensity in log scale of the 200 diffraction for five ranges of azimuth angle: a, 40 ° to 52 ° ; b, 28 ° to 40 ° ; c, 16 ° to 28 ° ; d, 4 ° to 16 ° ; e, 0 ° to 4 ° . A1 to A4 illustrate full 200 diffraction patterns at different distances from the cambium (70, 270, 350, and 570 μ m, respectively). B, Intensity in log scale of the 004 diffraction. C, Lattice spacing (d004). B and C are given with distinction between the contributions of microfibrils oriented at large angles (> 16 ° ; red circles) and small angles (< 16 ° ; green squares). D, Cross section of a portion of the tissues traversed by the beam from periphloem fibers to mature wood. D1 to D5 show details of fibers along the development sequence. [See online article for color version of this figure.]

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    Figure 3.

    Profiles of the 200 and 004 reflection intensity and d004 lattice spacing along a sequence of tension wood development with the corresponding sample anatomy. A, Intensity in log scale of the 200 diffraction for five ranges of azimuth angle: a, 40 ° to 52 ° ; b, 28 ° to 40 ° ; c, 16 ° to 28 ° ; d, 4 ° to 16 ° ; e, 0 ° to 4 ° . A1 to A4 show examples of full 200 diffraction patterns at different distances from the cambium (110, 300, 450, and 600 μ m, respectively). B, Intensity in log scale of the 004 diffraction. C, Lattice spacing (d004). B and C are given with distinction between the contributions of microfibrils oriented at large angles (> 16 ° ; red circles) and small angles (< 16 ° ; green squares). D, Cross section of a portion of the tissues traversed by the beam from periphloem fibers to mature wood with differentiated G-layer. D1 to D5 show details of fibers along the development sequence. [See online article for color version of this figure.]

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Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction
Bruno Clair, Tancrède Alméras, Gilles Pilate, Delphine Jullien, Junji Sugiyama, Christian Riekel
Plant Physiology Mar 2010, 152 (3) 1650-1658; DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.149542

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Maturation Stress Generation in Poplar Tension Wood Studied by Synchrotron Radiation Microdiffraction
Bruno Clair, Tancrède Alméras, Gilles Pilate, Delphine Jullien, Junji Sugiyama, Christian Riekel
Plant Physiology Mar 2010, 152 (3) 1650-1658; DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.149542
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Plant Physiology: 152 (3)
Plant Physiology
Vol. 152, Issue 3
Mar 2010
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