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Research ArticleBIOCHEMISTRY AND METABOLISM
Open Access

Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Three Oil Palm Fruit and Seed Tissues That Differ in Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition

Stéphane Dussert, Chloé Guerin, Mariette Andersson, Thierry Joët, Timothy J. Tranbarger, Maxime Pizot, Gautier Sarah, Alphonse Omore, Tristan Durand-Gasselin, Fabienne Morcillo
Stéphane Dussert
Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Unité Mixte de Recherche Diversité, Adaptation et Développement des Plantes, BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier, France (S.D., T.J., T.J.T., M.P.)
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  • For correspondence: stephane.dussert@ird.fr
Chloé Guerin
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Mariette Andersson
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Thierry Joët
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Timothy J. Tranbarger
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Maxime Pizot
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Gautier Sarah
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Alphonse Omore
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Tristan Durand-Gasselin
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Fabienne Morcillo
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Published July 2013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.113.220525

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  • © 2013 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

Abstract

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) produces two oils of major economic importance, commonly referred to as palm oil and palm kernel oil, extracted from the mesocarp and the endosperm, respectively. While lauric acid predominates in endosperm oil, the major fatty acids (FAs) of mesocarp oil are palmitic and oleic acids. The oil palm embryo also stores oil, which contains a significant proportion of linoleic acid. In addition, the three tissues display high variation for oil content at maturity. To gain insight into the mechanisms that govern such differences in oil content and FA composition, tissue transcriptome and lipid composition were compared during development. The contribution of the cytosolic and plastidial glycolytic routes differed markedly between the mesocarp and seed tissues, but transcriptional patterns of genes involved in the conversion of sucrose to pyruvate were not related to variations for oil content. Accumulation of lauric acid relied on the dramatic up-regulation of a specialized acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterase paralog and the concerted recruitment of specific isoforms of triacylglycerol assembly enzymes. Three paralogs of the WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factor were identified, of which EgWRI1-1 and EgWRI1-2 were massively transcribed during oil deposition in the mesocarp and the endosperm, respectively. None of the three WRI1 paralogs were detected in the embryo. The transcription level of FA synthesis genes correlated with the amount of WRI1 transcripts and oil content. Changes in triacylglycerol content and FA composition of Nicotiana benthamiana leaves infiltrated with various combinations of WRI1 and FatB paralogs from oil palm validated functions inferred from transcriptome analysis.

  • Glossary

    FA
    fatty acid
    PUFA
    polyunsaturated fatty acid
    ACP
    acyl carrier protein
    HCA
    Hierarchical Clustering Analysis
    DEC
    differentially expressed contig
    ER
    endoplasmic reticulum
    AC
    Audic-Claverie
    FDR
    False Discovery Rate
    TAG
    triacylglycerol
    MCFA
    medium-chain fatty acid
    DAP
    d after pollination
    PDH
    pyruvate dehydrogenase
    LACS
    long-chain acyl-CoA synthesis
    SAD
    stearate desaturase
    PDAT
    phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase
    PDCT
    phosphatidylcholine:diacylglycerol cholinephosphotransferase
    GPAT
    glycerol-3-P-acyltransferase
    LPCAT
    1-acylglycerol-3-phosphocholine acyltransferase
    ENO
    enolase
    GAPDH
    glyceraldehyde 3-P dehydrogenase
    PEP
    phosphoenolpyruvate
    PPi
    inorganic pyrophosphate
    PPiase
    inorganic pyrophosphatase
    PFP
    PPi-dependent phosphofructokinase
    TPT
    triose-P/phosphate translocator
    PGK
    phosphoglycerate kinase
    PGLYM
    phosphoglycerate mutase
    CPT
    cholinephosphotransferase
    1.3PGA
    1,3-bisphosphoglycerate
    FAME
    fatty acid methyl esters
    PA
    1,2-diacylglycerol-3-P
    PC
    phosphatidylcholine
    PFG
    ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase
    • Received April 26, 2013.
    • Accepted May 29, 2013.
    • Published June 5, 2013.

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    Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Three Oil Palm Fruit and Seed Tissues That Differ in Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition
    Stéphane Dussert, Chloé Guerin, Mariette Andersson, Thierry Joët, Timothy J. Tranbarger, Maxime Pizot, Gautier Sarah, Alphonse Omore, Tristan Durand-Gasselin, Fabienne Morcillo
    Plant Physiology Jul 2013, 162 (3) 1337-1358; DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220525

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    Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Three Oil Palm Fruit and Seed Tissues That Differ in Oil Content and Fatty Acid Composition
    Stéphane Dussert, Chloé Guerin, Mariette Andersson, Thierry Joët, Timothy J. Tranbarger, Maxime Pizot, Gautier Sarah, Alphonse Omore, Tristan Durand-Gasselin, Fabienne Morcillo
    Plant Physiology Jul 2013, 162 (3) 1337-1358; DOI: 10.1104/pp.113.220525
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