Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Electron microscopy of COPII budding. A and B, Transitional ER plus adjacent Golgi stacks in the green alga C. noctigama as seen in chemically fixed (A) and high-pressure frozen samples (B). The cis-trans (c and t) polarity of the Golgi stacks is clearly visible and so too are budding and released COPII vesicles (arrowheads). Putative COPI vesicles are marked with arrows. C, High-pressure frozen endosperm cell of Arabidopsis. Budding COPII vesicles are marked with arrowheads, and free putative COPII vesicles are marked with arrows. D to G, Collage of COPII budding profiles. Note that many of the buds are at the termini of ER cisternae. Note that the ER in high-pressure frozen samples is, in general, much more dilated than in chemically fixed samples; in C. noctigama, it is extremely dilated (the ER in B can be recognized by the ribosomes at the left of the vacuole-like structure). Bars = 200 nm.
- Figure 2.
Golgi cisternae (rat sialyltransferase transmembrane domain and cytosolic tail fused to the yellow fluorescent protein, red) and the ERES marker (SEC16-GFP, green) visualized in tobacco leaf epidermal cells. Images from time-lapse sequence acquired at the cortical region of tobacco leaf epidermal cell with a Zeiss LSM510 confocal microscope. The Sec16 marker distributes at the peri-Golgi area (arrowheads) as well as to structures of unknown identity that are not associated with the Golgi marker (arrows; Takagi et al., 2013). The structures labeled by Sec16 can assume a ring-like shape (Takagi et al., 2013). Time of frames in the sequence is indicated at the left-hand corner of images (seconds). *, A chloroplast that is visible through chlorophyll autofluorescence. Bars = 5 and 1 μm (inset).
- Figure 3.
A, Maximum-intensity projection in negative contrast of a stack of thin sections from a tomogram of a pea (Pisum sativum) root tip Golgi body and associated ER impregnated by the osmium zinc iodide technique. The reconstruction is presented at an angle to show a clear tubular connection between the ER and cis-Golgi. B, Inside face view of a dry-cleaved carrot (Daucus carota) suspension culture cell. The cell had been fixed on a coated EM grid, dehydrated, and critical point dried prior to dry cleaving on double-sided tape. The view onto the plasma membrane shows dark mitochondria (M), complete Golgi stacks in face view (G), cisternal ER (CER), and tubular ER (arrows). Note the huge difference between the diameter of a Golgi body and ER tubules.
- Figure 4.
Organization of the ERESs in the budding yeast S. cerevisiae. Left, Dual-color three-dimensional image of Sec13-GFP (ERES marker, green) and monomeric red fluorescent protein-Sec12 (bulk ER marker, red) obtained by SCLIM. Right, Two-dimensional slice image taken from the three-dimensional data. ERESs localize at the high-curvature domains of the ER, such as along tubules and at the edge of the sheet. Bar = 1 μm.
- Figure 5.
The cis-Golgi cisternae (monomeric red fluorescent protein-SYP31, magenta) and ERESs (SEC13-yellow fluorescent protein, green) visualized in tobacco BY2 cells. Confocal images were captured by SCLIM and reconstructed into three dimensions with deconvolution. A typical trajectory image from a three-dimensional time-lapse movie is shown. Almost all of the Golgi stacks were associated with bright spots of ERESs. From the magnified image (inset), we could observe the ERESs surrounding the cis-Golgi making ring-shaped fluorescent patterns. Bars = 5 and 1 μm (inset).
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- Article
- Abstract
- FEDERICA BRANDIZZI: THE SECRETORY UNITS MODEL FOR ER PROTEIN TRANSPORT IN HIGHLY VACUOLATED CELLS
- CHRIS HAWES: LET IT BE TUBES
- DAVID G. ROBINSON: THE ODDS ARE STACKED IN FAVOR OF VESICLES
- AKIHIKO NAKANO: A COMMON MECHANISM FOR ER-TO-GOLGI TRAFFIC: A VIEW FROM SUPERRESOLUTION LIVE-IMAGING MICROSCOPY
- CONCLUSION
- Footnotes
- REFERENCES
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